Polygyny Essays - Marriage, Sexual Fidelity, Mating Systems

Polygyny A Cross Cultural Perspective of Polygyny As an establishment, polygyny, the social course of action that allows a man to have more than one spouse simultaneously, exists in all pieces of the world. From our current information, there are not many crude clans in which a man isn't permitted to go into more than one association. Truth be told, ethologists presently accept that just one to two percent of all species might be monogamous (Tucker). None of the simian species are carefully monogamous; our nearest family members, the chimpanzees, practice a type of gathering marriage. Among the 849 human social orders inspected by the anthropologist Murdock (1957), 75% rehearsed polygyny. Numerous people groups have been supposed to be monogamous, yet it is hard to construe from the information at our removal whether monogamy is the pervasive practice, the ethical perfect, or an foundation protected by sanctions (Malinowski 1962). Generally, polygyny was a component of the antiquated Hebrews, the customary Chinese, and the nineteenth-century Mormons in the United States, however the advanced act of polygyny is moved in Africa, the Middle East, India, Thailand, and Indonesia. The degree to which men can get different spouses relies upon numerous elements, including the financial success of the man's family, the winning lady of the hour value, the differential accessibility of eligible females, the need and want for extra posterity, and the accessibility of gainful jobs for ensuing spouses. Indeed, even in social orders that grant polygyny, the states of life for the majority make monogamy the most well-known type of marriage. The two varieties of polygyny are sororal (the cowives are sisters) what's more, nonsororal (the cowives are not sisters). A few social orders likewise watch the custom of levirate, making it obligatory for a man to wed his sibling's widow. It must be recollected that any type of polygyny is rarely polished all through the whole network: there can't exist a network wherein each man would have a few spouses since this would involve an enormous excess of females over guys (Malinowski 1962). Another significant point is that in all actuality it is less a type of marriage on a very basic level unmistakable from monogamy as rather a different monogamy. It is consistently in truth the redundancy of marriage contract, entered separately with every spouse, building up an individual relationship between the man and every one of his consorts (Benson 1971). Where every spouse has her separate family unit and the spouse visits them thusly, polygynous marriage takes after intently an incidentally intruded on monogamy. In such cases, there is a progression of individual relationships wherein local courses of action, financial aspects, parenthood, just as legitimate and strict components don't truly infringe on one another. The polygyny with isolated family units is all the more all around predominant. Among the incredible larger part of the Bantu and Hamitic people groups of Africa, where the number of spouses, particularly on account of boss, is frequently significant, each spouse regularly involves a different cabin with her kids, and deals with an autonomous family unit with very much characterized lawful and financial rights (Pasternak 1976). Where, then again, as among numerous N. American clans, at least two spouses share a similar family unit, polygyny influences the foundation of marital life significantly more profoundly. Not at all like spouses in numerous other African gatherings who live in their own hovels, Ijaw spouses include lofts inside one enormous structure and our carried into significantly more incessant contact with their co-spouses (Rosaldo 1974). Different speculations have been progressed to clarify the social support of polygyny. Perhaps the most punctual clarification depended on the thought that men have a more prominent manner for assortment in sexual accomplices than do ladies (Tucker). Numerous ethologists accept that there is a sociobiological basic for men to have whatever number sexual accomplices as could be expected under the circumstances (Sayers). While this hypothesis is of chronicled enthusiasm, there exists no experimental help for the more prominent sex drive of the male, nor is there any motivation to expect the male sex drive to differ from one culture to another. Ladies are similarly as normally intrigued by sex, maybe considerably more so. Ladies can be multi-orgasmic and have an a lot more extensive scope of sexual incitement than men. Non-monogamy is reproductively wise for guys in request to spread their qualities, and for females so as to improve the solidness also, hereditary assortment of their posterity (Benson). It has additionally been recommended that polygyny as a marriage structure advanced in light of protracted baby blues sex restrictions since polygyny gives a genuine sexual outlet to the spouse during this time of no-no (Whiting). Whiting found that social orders subject to root also, tree crops (probably low protein social orders) are more

Honeypots and Firewalls Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Honeypots and Firewalls - Assignment Example hen benefits should be convey through intermediary though a numerous screen subnet can be sent where bundles or parcels are required to go through the system into the lattice (Zwicky, Cooper and Chapman, 2000). Worms, malware, and infections are normal issues confronting organizations consistently. These can be forestalled using antiviruses. An antivirus is programming that distinguishes dangers and thus squares them from assaulting a PC, an antivirus is additionally ready to erase infections, worms, and malware that has just assaulted a PC framework. Worms, infections, and malware are here and there utilized by programmers to wrongfully get to other peoples’ PCs. Guaranteeing all PCs inside an association is in this way significant as it will keep unapproved people from getting to private and classified data in other peoples’ PCs. The estimation of a honeypot can be offered to a CIO through explaining its advantages, values, just as the potential issues and drawbacks. In light of its straightforward structure, a honeypot has the ability to accumulate and gather paltry and minute clubs and varieties of measurements and data. Honeypots are made with the primary goal of blending and systems administration with aggressors of the framework. Subsequently, through collecting and assembling every single data and insights, novel thingamajigs utilized by programmers and different assailants are recognized and managed agreeably. One of the drawback off a honeypot is the way that it can just recognize dangers that systems or partners with it. Honeypots can likewise be seized by aggressors and henceforth be utilized to make more harm the framework (The Government off the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2008). There are wandering attributes related with firewalls and honeypots. As indicated by Zwicky, Cooper and Chapman (2000), a firewall is described by various security positions based on the position and circumstance of the PC, security or shielding of remote lattices and

Happy Belated Hearts Day

Happy Belated Hearts Day Like Anna H. ‘14 blogged a while ago, as my time has gotten more precious I’ve stripped away hobbies and for-fun activities and learned what I can and cannot leave behind. I’ve realized over the past year that some of the things that seem the most puntable are the things that make me me, have always made me me. One of my New Year’s resolutions has been to reconnect with the good parts of the person I was before MIT and reestablish some continuity of selfâ€"to read, to go for walks, to look people in the eye and put down electronics when we talk, to go to bed and get up at the same time and have breakfast every day. Some things are still missingâ€"skiing and then ???????? for dinner, forests and rivers and mountains, stars and quiet nightsâ€"but I’m trying to build what I can build from a distance. Here’s one of the stories my parents tell about the person I was as a child. We had just moved to the United States. I had just learned English, and I had absorbed the consumerist ideal of an American Christmas in my American preschool (in the Soviet Union, Christmas was absolved of parties and presents and replaced with New Year’s). I was indignant at the lack of a consumerist Christmas in my newly American family’s home, so I directed my parents through what I had learned to be the appropriate motions: the purchase of the tree and the presents, the wrapping of the presents, the inviting of all my Russian friends and their confused Russian parents. I’m very attached to some material traditions, like lights and wrapped presents at Christmas and New Year’s and Old Russian Christmas and Old Russian New Year’s, candles on Hanukkah, candy and costumes on Halloween, and cards on Valentine’s. It’s not that traditions disappear in college, but they’re up to you and the peo ple around you to keep them going, which is hard when you’re focused on keeping yourself going. Valentine’s Day was awesome. Boston has been snowing sideways and up. Over the past week the view from my room has looked like this: And here’s Killian, on campus (the snow is entire-leg deep on some parts of the lawn):       Another one of our (mine with Cory’s support) New Year’s resolutions has been to eat healthier food that costs less money, with a weekly exception on Sundays to blunt the approaching week. For Valentine’s Day we moved our cheat day to Saturday and had clam chowder (which is apparently a very Boston food) and Lady Grey tea and maple walnut muffins.   I wanted to give my friends Valentine’s Day cards, but the ones we used to give out in elementary school are apparently (now that it’s my money) really expensive, especially since my class isn’t sized 30 people like it used to be and apparently  scratch and sniff  is trendy. A few evenings ago I drew a card, digitized it, and printed it out in bulk. Then I cut out heart stickers and glued them on so they could be reused, because that’s the kind of thing I would have liked as a kid. Some reflections: My left wrist hurt like crazy from folding. Writing physical notes is really fun. Stamps and envelopes are really fun. Glue tastes kind of sweet. I think I missed an important memo. Amazingly, one glue stick was enough for everything. I had a wonderful day copy/pasting in the physical world. Hopefully next up is a charcoal sketching kit and book my mom gave me for Christmas (which a young girl who seemed about the age of my inner self complimented me on at the airport, so I know it’s awesome). Cory and I delivered the on-campus ones just after dark, which because of the snow was still light, large snowflakes floating down around us, snow several feet deep, with piles of it taller than us on the edges of the sidewalk, squirrel tracks on the surface of the snow, bunnies probably thinking they’re camouflaged in the skeletons of the bushes, snow mobiles circling like predators. It was the most lovely walk. Here’s the card I mailed home to Pennsylvania, and the other 120-something in the whole group:     Since Valentine’s Day was on a Saturday you could plausibly still celebrate it today (or even Tuesday, if you don’t have school today). My little brother, who is small but not very small, reports that he only heard the phrase Valentine’s Day twice in school on Friday, that both times were during homeroom announcements, and that there weren’t cards or candy, which is suboptimal. If you want to use my cows to wish some of your friends a happy  belated Hearts Day this week, especially if you’re a  grownup  or otherwise not in elementary school, you can download them as a pdf here  (or make your own if you have time). Print them out. Fold hamburger, then perpendicular to hamburger. Cut out and glue a heart sticker  as a balloon for the top left cow on the inside (or just draw or color a heart (or tape a wrapped candy or chocolate if you’re really awesome)). That’s all. Go spread cheer. Happy belated Hearts Day!

Who Is Thomas Jefferson - 993 Words

Who is Thomas Jefferson? Matthew Backlin United States History 1 A CP October 18, 2015 Who was Thomas Jefferson? Most people just think of him as the man who wrote the Declaration of Independence or just one of our many presidents. That’s not the case. Jefferson was more than that, He was a very intelligent man and a loving father and grandfather. Thomas Jefferson was also an inventor and one of the most significant men in the history of making America who we are today. One of our founding fathers and our third president, Thomas Jefferson was a very well-known man. He was born on April 13th, 1743 in a small town called Shadwell in Virginia. He was born at his father s tobacco plantation on the Rivanna River, which flows through a gap in a small range called the Southwest Mountains. In 1760 when Jefferson turned 17 he rode to Williamsburg so he could attend the college of William and Mary. (Twilight at Monticello, 14) After college Thomas Jefferson soon founded the University of Virginia. Years later during the Revolutionary war, he decided to write the Declaration of Independence ending the war and declaring America’s independence on July 4th. His presidential term lasted for exactly eight years from March 4th, 1801 to March 4th, 1809. Jefferson died on July 4th, 1846 at the age of 83 in Charlottesville, Virginia. During his last 17 years of his life, Jefferson remained in Monticello. (Monticello, 1) AfterShow MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson And His Achievements And Political Decisions1262 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, one of the most well-known presidents in American history, was the third president of the United States, and was known as one of the Founding Fathers, for he is one of the principle authors of the famous Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson is an important factor of the development of the United States. This leading figured has influenced the prosperity of the America’s with his achievements and political decisions, regarding the United States JosephRead MoreInterview Of John Hope Franklin On Thomas Jefferson908 Words   |  4 PagesInterview of John Hope Franklin on Thomas Jefferson The thing that draws us to Thomas Jefferson is his knowledge of the way things were and where things needed to go. In declaring he was the author of the Declaration of Independence gives us something we can trust. The two â€Å"all men are created equal† and the fact that Thomas Jefferson owned slaves are irreconcilable. Granted that he is forgiven in the sense that he is human and not much else. His level of understanding and the commitment he gaveRead MoreThomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence1560 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Do you want to know who you are? Don’t ask. Act! Action will delineate and define you.† He should believe so, as Thomas Jefferson’s actions clearly characterize his individual self, while also inducing the question, Does Thomas Jefferson deserve the honor he possesses, through these eminent actions? Many people believe that Thomas Jefferson is a powerful individual who helped form our country, and was a great leader thr ough his presidential career. He made the best out of difficult situations, whenRead MoreThomas Jefferson: More than a President Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pageswomen. Prominent among these heroes and heroines is Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of Independence. Apart from the Declaration, Jefferson accomplished great achievements in his lifetime; our nation would not be the same today without his genius: â€Å"Even among that remarkable group of men known as the Founding Fathers, Jefferson was truly a giant† (Allison 9). Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 to Peter and Jane Jefferson who lived near the Blue Ridge Mountains in colonial AmericaRead MoreThomas Jefferson And His Influence On American History967 Words   |  4 Pagessocieties. Thomas Jefferson, an early American founding father, is credited to have had much influence on what shaped our early American society, and what would go on to eventually become the bases of our modern American way of life. â€Å"Jefferson is best known as the leading classical liberal in American history. As the author of the Declaration of Independence, he outlined the political principles that launched the new nation.† (James Thomas Jefferson, Life Centered Philosophy) Thomas Jefferson was notRead MoreThomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence1360 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Jefferson was a man who was born on April 13, 1743, he the third president of United States, author of the Declaration of Independence, a lawyer gentlemen farmer, h e also was the father of the University of Virginia. Jefferson’s influences on government was to end federal government, to allow the Sedition and Alien Act to put an end to it, to end the taxes, and after ending taxes to release prisoners held by this act. Thomas brought a studied informality to the presidency. He used revenuesRead MoreGeorge Washington and Thomas Jefferson Contribution to Stable Government724 Words   |  3 PagesRevolutionary Contributions to Stable Government George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were two important presidents who had an enormous affect on our nation’s stable government and beginning years of our country. Each made their unique contributions to a new government under the Constitution after the failed adoption of the Articles of Confederation. After the war for independence, the Articles of Confederation, began to fail because there was no direct effective way to to collect revenue,Read MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson1532 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson He is best remembered as a great president and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic Party. Jeffersons interests and talents covered an amazing range. He became one of the leading American architects of his time and designed the Virginia Capitol, the University of Virginia, and his own home, Monticello. He greatly appreciated art and music and tried to encourage theirRead MoreEssay on The Success of the Declaration of Indepedence656 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans all across the world celebrate Independence Day, the day the United States declared their independence from Great Britain. The mechanism they used on July 4, 1776 was â€Å"The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States† written by Thomas Jefferson. The Declaration Of Independence was a success by using various types of support, ethos (ethic), pathos (emotion) and logos (logic). The first paragraph lays the logic (logos) behind people separating from their government in a way that grabsRead MoreThomas Jefferson: One of Americas Most Inspirational Men Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Jefferson was not only our nations third president, but one of the most inspirational men in our United States history. His life from birth to death will be explained in the following content, and will give you a better understanding of his contributions to the United States and his accomplishments throughout his very interesting life. Thomas was born in Goachland County, Virginia on April 13th, 1743. He lived in his family’s estate called Shadwell that was owned and built by Thomas’

Great Ambition in Macbeth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 746 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Macbeth Essay Did you like this example? Ambition, if genuinely pursued, can lead to many astonishing goals accomplished over a short period of time. Once we have our ambitions and progress further through them, we start to become blind of certain things we cannot see we are doing wrong. We start to have a narrow view of who we are and because you’re in your â€Å"own little fantasy†, it is hard to see any of your imperfections, corruption, or mistakes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Great Ambition in Macbeth" essay for you Create order Then, start to be in denial from people trying to correct us, tell us we are wrong for certain things, but we are so full of pride and integrity of our achievements we do not see these warnings as such, but we see it as just a ball of hatred, negativity, and envy. Until eventually all the this stress from this energy builds up and we take it out on the ones we love (or at least onced loved) or take it out on ourselves. Great ambition or lust for power ultimately bring ruin and evil can be disguised as something nice looking, blinding us from our degrading foundation until it makes us fall and not allowing us to see our mistakes or personal issues and take responsibility for those actions. Once a person has reached a point while pursuing an ambition (or already reaching the peak of them), they (most of the time) can never realize the people who helped them to get to that point, or more importantly who they came up with to reach those goals once their there. In Shakespeare’s tragic novel Macbeth, the character Macbeth could not remember the people who gave him the extra support to go through with his idea and ambition to become king. â€Å"The, Vera 2 trusted home, might yet enkindle you unto the crown, besides the thane of Cawdor. But ‘tis strange. And oftentimes, to win us the instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray’s in deepest consequences†(Act 1, Scene 3). Banquo heard of the prophecies from the witches with Macbeth and although he saw that there could be consequences included in what the witches were saying, he still tried to help Macbeth and gave him moral support. Macbeth later ended up killing Ban quo, even though Banquo was always loyal and humble to him since the beginning when Macbeth took the throne. â€Å"Come spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty†. Lady Macbeth was so proud of the good news from which Macbeth received from the witches that she started to â€Å"possess demons† (Act 1, Scene 5) (not only showing how loyal she was to Macbeth but as well as showing how evil she was) to be on their side so this prophecy could come true. It is hard for people to see their weaknesses or flaws once you have reached a certain point in your life, where they feel they have succeeded and reach the ambitions that make them happy. When people call others out for their flaws, peoples first instinct is to immediately try to defend themselves, but sometimes they cannot look in the mirror and see that is true for themselves. â€Å"O treachery! Fly good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! Thou may’st revenge O slave† (Act 3 Scene 3). Here Banquo is killed by Macbeth, the effect that was provoked by Macbeth’s own envy causes one of his most loyal companions to die at his hands, Macbeth not being able to see the wrong he is doing. As the tragic story develops more and more we see Macbeth’s corruption increasing because no one steps in to tell him its wrong, building up his corruption and eventually making everyone fear him. â€Å"O full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife† (Act 3 Scene 2). At this point in the tragedy, Lady Macbeth could have told Macbeth he was wrong for Vera 3 his envy and that he should be proud Banquo’s sons would become kings, but instead she encourages these though ts, which is what leads to their ultimate demise. â€Å"Avaunt, and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee. Thy bones are marrowless; thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes which thou dost glare with† (Act 3 Scene 5). Once again, Macbeth corruption and madness is revealed again in this scene but no one in the room does anything to help him, they feel scared and helpless under Macbeth’s rule.

Essay about Socrates - 736 Words

To question what no man has questioned before, that is a credo which we seemingly impose upon Socrates looking back upon his life. The philosopher Socrates is a commonly known inquisitive character, and is mainly known of because of his trial in 399 B.C.E. (2) But was Socrates really everything we know him as today? Or have the lines between the real Socrates and the Socrates of Aristophanes, Plato and Xenophon been so blurred that we do not know who the real man is. When one initially learns of Socrates through Plato one gets an upstanding view of the philosopher, while when viewing Socrates through the writings of Aristophanes one finds him a crude purveyor of the children. Regardless of which view one takes upon the Socratic question –†¦show more content†¦Somewhere between the years of 416 and 413 B.C.E. Socrates married Xanthippe and fathered two children, Lamprocles and Sophroniscus. In 406 Socrates stood up for the rights of a group generals who were being unfa irly sentenced to death as a group. This was unfair mainly because the law of Athens stated that each individual was to be given a separate trial. (1) In 399 the most famous part of Socrates life took place, his trial. He was accused of corrupting the youth with his philosophy by Anytus, Meletus and Lycon. (2) The extent of the corruption was said to be denouncing the gods and thus taking away from the next generation of citizens who would maintain the system. Socrates fought in his own defense, and lamented that he was only given a day to do so. Socrates was eventually condemned to death having not chosen his option to pay a fine or go into exile. He was not given his suicidal does of Hemlock until some thirty days after his death. (1) An understanding of Socrates philosophy is found in how he determines it is better to die than live under restrictions and accept the will of what he believes is a wrong society (5). In saying that he would rather die than live the unexamined life Socrates is stating that he would rather be dead, than live a life without the ability to question his surroundings. The main question that arrives out of this statement is if this is something that was said before he knew he had the potentialShow MoreRelatedSocrates : The Suicide Of Socrates1405 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates was born in 470 BCE in Athens, Greece. His father was Sophroniscus, a sculptor and stone mason from Athens and his mother was a midwife by the name of Phaenarete (30 Interesting Socrates Facts 2014). Socrates original profession was masonry and sculpting, before becoming a philosopher. On a day in 399 BC, Socrates ( roughly 71 years at the time) went to trial.Now why would anyone want to send an old man to court? Three answer is that Socrates was accused of refusing to recognize theRead MoreSocrates And The Apology Of Socrates1322 Words   |  6 Pages Socrates is quite the unique individual compared to most, if not all, other Greeks at that time. In the Apology, Socrates gives an analogy of himself being a gadfly and that his gadfly like actions are favorable for Athens and that the actions are goods he is providing. From his service he claims to live a more private life than a public life when discussing virtue. This paper is going to discuss Socrates and his analogy of a gadfly, approach to others about virtue, his conduct effect on democracyRead MoreSocrates As A Martyr And Socrates927 Words   |  4 PagesIn philosophy class this semester we spoke a lot about Socrates and his trial. We were required to read the dialogue ‘Apology’ by Plato. The à ¢â‚¬ËœApology’ Dialogue is what Plato recorded during the speech Socrates gave to the court defending himself against the charges of corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes† these two were the main charges, but underneath that there were also other significant charges such as being considered an antidemocratic or pro-SpartanRead MoreSocrates : The Problem With Socrates908 Words   |  4 PagesThe Problem With Socrates: The problem with Socrates concerns the problem with the role of value and reason. Nietzsche believes that the bulk of philosophers claim that life is a corrupt grievance for mankind. Nietzsche reasoned that these life deniers were decadents of Hellenism, as a symptom of some underlying melancholy. For someone to paint life in such a negative light they must have suffered a great deal through the course of their own life. Furthermore, these no-sayers agreed in various physiologicalRead MoreSocrates Worldview Of Socrates1855 Words   |  8 PagesPart 1: Socrates’ Worldview Socrates is a widely renowned teacher, who has taught and demonstrated a variety of lessons that regard how he views the world. Socrates has described his view on morality, purpose, death, and the ultimate. He has spoken about these views through multiple texts including The Last Days of Socrates and they have been interpreted through the text Socrates by George Rudebusch. Through these worldviews, Socrates has given people the opportunity to expand their wisdom andRead MoreSocrates1461 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates was one of the greatest Greek philosophers. His work was not to propose any specific knowledge or policy: it was to show how argument, debate, and discussion could help men to understand difficult issues. Most of the issues he dealt with were only political on the surface. Underneath, they were moral questions about how life should be lived. Such is the influence of Socrates that philosophers before him are called the Presocratic philosophers. Socrates made enemies, three of whom broughtRead MoreSocrates1099 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates the Greek Philosopher December 14, 2014 PHI/105 In the beautiful city of Athens, Greece, there was a philosopher Socrates, and his Socratic method, was laid on the groundwork for the Western systems of logic and philosophy. Socrates did believe that he didnt know anything, and It was because of this that the Oracle told Socrates that he was wise and that he should seek out the wise men to hear what they had to say. So Socrates began to travel to different parts of Greece to questionRead MoreSocrates659 Words   |  3 PagesSocrates Socrates was accused of many things in the Athens market. Socrates was accused of being a man who makes the worse argument into the stronger argument. A man who knows about the heavens and earth and therefore any one who believe this must not believe in the gods. Socrates was accused of being an atheist. Most of the people that followed him around his quest were inquisitive. Where as most adults would walk by Socrates with his â€Å"annoying question† the youth stopped to see what heRead MoreSocrates : A Man By The Name Of Socrates963 Words   |  4 PagesIn 469 B.C. a man by the name of Socrates was born. Socrates was a very wise man that cared about doing the right thing. He believed that the best ways to develop ideas was in the give and take of conversation, and that the best way to educate people was to ask them a series of questions leading in a particular direction (now named â€Å"Socrates method). Socrates had been quick to identify the drawbacks of democracy, and he had also been the teacher of two men who in different ways harmed Athens: AlcibiadesRead MoreSocrates s Views On Socrates1314 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates could undeniably be described as one of the most influential philosophers and greatest thinker of his time. His views can be interpreted many different ways, but most would agree that he sought out wisdom and truth for the betterment of himself and his community. Though Socrates was one of the most intelligent men of his time, he was very foolish to never write his own book. For this reason, after his passing, one of his students, Plato, began to write a book about his teachings and ideas

Abortion, More Harm Than Good free essay sample

Barring death by natural causes, everyone has the potential to eventually become a senior citizen someday — as long as they arent butchered before birth. In fact, some have said we begin to die the moment we are conceived because our lives always reach that inevitable conclusion. The not viable life excuse doesnt hold up because, if all life is not viable life, then what is the purpose of having an abortion? If these human beings werent viable and would not — if left unmolested — mature into born children and adults, then the abortion would be unnecessary to begin with. Also — and this is key — we humans are never fully-developed. Were not born complete; we grow, change, mature and age constantly, which means were always developing, and we develop though the first nine months of our lives Finnigan 2 attached to a host — our mothers. So, the fact that the first nine months of our developmental life is in utero is of no consequence to our overa ll lifespan; it is just the first stage. There are many developmental stages — early, middle and late. But life has to begin somewhere. We dont go from nothing to adulthood. Denying the fact that life begins the moment a female egg is fertilized is sheer lunacy — or, worse, intentionally misleading. It is simply a matter of choice that millions of Americans have decided to believe that life only begins when they say it does — at the moment of birth, or in the second trimester of pregnancy, or some other arbitrary guideline. It begins when it begins — at the moment a human being is biologically under construction. Passing laws or writing constitutional mandates from the bench of the Supreme Court cannot change this fact. Indeed, it has not changed this fact; only our perception of the fact has changed, largely for reasons of personal convenience. It is patently arrogant that we, as adults, get to decide for the most vulnerable of our society — our unborn children, who cannot speak for themselves — who lives and who dies. Or, if you prefer, who gets to experience further development and who doesnt. If we intentionally end any stage of a human life in development, we are committing an act of murder, as it has been defined by our society from its humble beginnings. Any attempt to convince ourselves otherwise is little more than a mental joust with reality and an injustice to our unborn that we can never excuse away, try as we may*. Dougherty explains the controversy over abortion and how people are in such denial when it comes to the leaving, the dead and the non-existent. In the case that a woman does get an abortion, it should be deemed Finnigan 2 murder but it’s not. In fact abortion is actually legal in a handful of states, but only under certain circumstances such as rape, incest or if the pregnancy is deemed a risk to the mother. Every child should have the chance to have a life, a chance to become the next Michael Jordan or next Babe Ruth. In the years before the supreme court ruling of Roe v. Wade, 1973, abortions were sometimes done by the women herself because it was legal to abort a child without the help of a medical professional back then. M. D. Waldo L. Fielding writes about his experiences with self-attempted abortions in his article, Repairing the Damage, Before Roe, he writes I saw and treated almost every complication of illegal abortion that one could conjure, done either by the patient herself or by an abortionist — often unknowing, unskilled and probably uncaring. Yet the patient never told us who did the work, or where and under what conditions it was performed. She was in dire need of our help to complete the process or, as frequently was the case, to correct what damage might have been done. The patient also did not explain why she had attempted the abortion, and we did not ask. This was a decision she made for herself, and the reasons were hers alone. Yet this much was clear: The woman had put herself at total risk, and literally did not know whether she would live or die. This, too, was clear: Her desperate need to terminate a pregnancy was the driving force behind the selection of any method available. The familiar symbol of illegal abortion is the infamous â€Å"coat hanger† — which may be the symbol, but is in no way a myth. In my years in New York, several women arrived with a hanger still in place. Whoever put it in — perhaps the patient herself — found it trapped in the cervix and could not remove it. We did Finnigan 4 not have ultrasound, CT scans or any of the now accepted radiology techniques. The woman was placed under anesthesia, and as we removed the metal piece we held our breath, because we could not tell whether the hanger had gone through the uterus into the abdominal cavity. Fortunately, in the cases I saw, it had not. However, not simply coat hangers were used. Almost any implement you can imagine had been and was used to start an abortion — darning needles, crochet hooks, cut-glass salt shakers, soda bottles, sometimes intact, sometimes with the top broken off. Another method that I did not encounter, but heard about from colleagues in other hospitals, was a soap solution forced through the cervical canal with a syringe. This could cause almost immediate death if a bubble in the solution entered a blood vessel and was transported to the heart. The worst case I saw, and one I hope no one else will ever have to face, was that of a nurse who was admitted with what looked like a partly delivered umbilical cord. Yet as soon as we examined her, we realized that what we thought was the cord was in fact part of her intestine, which had been hooked and torn by whatever implement had been used in the abortion. It took six hours of surgery to remove the infected uterus and ovaries and repair the part of the bowel that was still functional. It is important to remember that Roe v. Wade did not mean that abortions could be performed. They have always been done, dating rom ancient Greek days. What Roe said was that ending a pregnancy could be carried out by medical personnel, in a medically accepted setting, thus conferring on women, finally, the full rights of first-class citizens — and freeing their doctors to treat them as such. This article shows that the damage is so great that women inflict on themselves to try and terminate a pregnancy. If the women in this article would have given their children a chance then they wouldn’t have to go Finnigan 5 through that self-inflicted pain or the embarrassment of having to get surgery because of the mistake they made trying to abort the baby. When aborting a child there are many physical and emotional complications. On multiple different articles published on afterabortion. org doctors and people who have aborted children share their research and experiences for the world to see and read. Beverly McMillan, M. D, writes that The most common, immediate, and short-term complications include excessive bleeding, chronic and acute infections, intense pain, high fever, convulsions, shock, coma, incomplete removal of the baby or placenta (which can cause life-threatening infections and sterility), pelvic inflammatory disease, punctured or torn uteruses, and even death. Abortion can also result in uterine scarring, a weakened cervix, blocked fallopian tubes, and other damage to reproductive organs that can make it difficult to conceive or carry a child to term in the future. This latent morbidity of abortion results in long-term and sometimes permanent damage. Women who have had abortions also experience more ectopic (tubal) pregnancies, infertility, hysterectomies, stillbirths, miscarriages, and premature births (the leading cause of birth defects) than women who have not had abortions. Abortion has also been linked to increased risks of developing breast, cervical, and uterine cancer. Another article posted by Dr. Priscilla Coleman shows how much an abortion can affect someone mentally. The meta-analysis examined and combined results of 22 studies published between 1995 and 2009 and included data on 877,181 women from six countries. All 22 studies revealed higher rates of mental health problems associated with abortion for at least one symptom, and many for Finnigan 6 more than one symptom. Using a standardized statistical technique for ombining the results of multiple studies, the meta-analysis revealed that women with a history of abortion face higher rates of anxiety (34 percent higher) and depression (37 percent higher), heavier alcohol use (110 percent higher) and marijuana use (230 percent higher), and higher rates of suicidal behavior (155 percent higher). The study also found that women who delivered an unplanned pregnancy were significantly less likely to have mental health problems than similar women who aborted unplanned pregnancies. Women with a history of abortion were 55 percent more likely to have mental health problems than women who did not abort an unplanned pregnancy. These articles and research shows how badly a woman is affected because of an abortion. Abortions can lead to depression and sometimes the woman won’t even know that she is depressed because of the abortion. Abortion takes a major toll on a woman’s body and sometimes it will even shut down her reproductive systems, which means she can never have babies. Even if you feel that you really cannot take care of a child at this time do not fall to abortion. There are so many other options to keep you safe and the baby safe. An article posted on fam2fam. org entitled Options Other Than Abortion When Faced with an Unplanned Pregnancy, talks about the many options open to people who aren’t ready to take care of a child at the moment of the unplanned pregnancy. Options include an agency adoption, temporary foster care, and reaching out to family for help. Abortion does not even have to be Finnigan 7 n option, people are always looking to adopt children and the agencies will always make sure your child is placed into a loving and caring home. Abortion should be banned for the amount of damage it has inflicted on millions upon millions of people. Life is very valuable and you should not take away a child’s life because regret or a mistake you might have made. Give that child a chance you never know what they will become when they g row up. There are many options other than abortion. Abortion has done way to much damage and has taken away way too many innocent children who never got a chance.

Ethereal qualities and sexuality in art Aphrodite pandemos vs. Aphrodite ouraneia

Thesis statement: Despite the fact that Aphrodite as a mythological character comprises both the elements of physical attraction (Aphrodite Pandemos) and ethereal qualities (Aphrodite Ouraneia), which incorporate spiritual and moral qualities, most artists tend to exploit the former image more often in their works, putting the emphasis on Aphrodite’s sexuality, which can be explained not by chauvinist moods, but by the public’s unwillingness to accept another interpretation of a famous character.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethereal qualities and sexuality in art: Aphrodite pandemos vs. Aphrodite ouraneia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, when considering the majority of artworks devoted to Aphrodite, one will find out that the goddess is rarely portrayed as Aphrodite Ouraneia; her ethereal qualities are only included into most of the artworks at best, completely ignored at worst. One of the most famous artworks, Sandro Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus depicts the beauty of innocence, yet still puts a strong emphasis on the sexuality of the character. It would be wrong, however, to claim that every single artist exploits sexuality of the character in question to the nth degree; one of the chastest artworks devoted to the goddess of beauty and love, Aphrodite of Milos strikes with the lack of sexual connotation of the image. Even though devilments of nudity are obvious, they are not stretched to the nth degree, which allows the audience to view Aphrodite as the symbol of love and beauty. From a certain perspective, Botticelli’s Aphrodite can also be seen as the symbol of love rather than sexuality; the use of pastel palette and the lack of obviously sexualized imagery can be considered as a proof for Botticelli’s intent to depict the innocence of young love, which borders platonic love. The aforementioned artwork, however, is one of the few except ions of the overall sexualized images of Aphrodite in art, not to mention the depictions of the goddess of love in popular culture. Speaking of more recent portrayals of Aphrodite as the representation of desire instead of love and beauty, one must mention such work as Robert Fowler’s Aphrodite. While one would not consider this work shallow, it still tends to capture the elements of Aphrodite Pandemos rather than Aphrodite Ouraneia. There is no denying that each artist tends to create his own Aphrodite in accordance with his/her vision of beauty. However, it seems that in their works, most artists tend to choose the elements that stress the elements, which contribute to sexualizing the character. For instance, most artists choose to â€Å"dress† Aphrodite in the clothes that put the emphasis on her body, tending to depict such materials as silk, which also add to the sexualization of the image. The reasons for the choice of the theme that the manner of depicting Aphro dite is based on a large variety of factors, among which, personal preferences of an artist are obviously a priority; however, most of the existing artworks prefer Aphrodite Pandemos to Aphrodite Ouraneia, which can be explained by stereotypical thinking of an artist, as well as the fact that the public is not ready to accept a sudden change in the traditional depiction of the ancient goddess.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the reasons for the reluctance to see Aphrodite as the goddess that possesses a certain ethereal qualities can be viewed through the lens of feminism, with the application of gender profiling concept, it still seems that the phenomenon in question can be explained by laziness. While the image of Aphrodite Pandemos seems to have been cemented in the heads of most people, the image of Aphrodite Ouraneia seems to be alien for the greatest part of the population; henc e the need to exploit the former appears. This essay on Ethereal qualities and sexuality in art: Aphrodite pandemos vs. Aphrodite ouraneia was written and submitted by user Mara Madden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

I Have Sinned †(Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky Impeachment) †History Essay

I Have Sinned – (Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky Impeachment) – History Essay Free Online Research Papers I Have Sinned (Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky Impeachment) History Essay â€Å"I HAVE SINNED† is what President Bill Clinton said to the nation concerning his allegations of perjury and obstruction of justice. On July 24, 1998 media reports state that Bill Clinton has been subpoenaed to testify before the grand jury on him having sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky. President Clinton of course denied these allegations that were brought forth in the trial. These reports are later confirmed within the next two days. Clinton is the first president in history to be subpoenaed to testify before a grand jury and later that year became the second to be impeached. On September 11, 1998, Clinton apologized publicly to the nation of lying about having sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky. After a 21-day trial, the Senate vote fell short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction and removal from office under the Constitution (INT 2). For the President to get impeached, a majority vote by the House is required to do so. After passed in the House the Senate tries the accused. A two-thirds majority vote is needed for conviction and expulsion from office. According to the Constitution, The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors (INT 3). On December 19, 1998 President Clinton was impeached from office. This day will definitely go down the history books. This speech was a very apologetic speech, something that he felt it needed to be. He mentioned at the beginning of the speech that it will not be as easy as other speeches address to the nation. I totally agree. This was very emotional for the president as it would have been for anyone to admit to adultery after already denying it publicly to the entire nation. He asked for everyone’s forgiveness in this matter including his family and Monica Lewinsky and her family. President Clinton is a very religious man, and that made it even more difficult to admit of his wrong doing especially something that other faith believers like himself called viewed it as a sin. He didn’t try to hide his faith beliefs even making it known by quoting scriptures, â€Å"to love my neighbor all my neighbors as my self, to be an instrument of Gods peace; to let the words of my mouth and the meditations of my heart and, in the end, the work of my hands, be pleasing.† (INT 1) This was truly a big statement for him to make. He used a lot of other passages and quotes from the bible to show that he has recognized his faults and is on the right path of forgiveness. Clinton even said that he is seeking pastoral help and that other caring people so that he can be held accountable for his own commitment. He said he would never forget this time in his life and will keep this as a caution in his life. Even as painful and embarrassing his conviction being reveled to the nation and his family was, he said good can come from this. Clinton said, â€Å"if my repentance is genuine and sustained, and if I can maintain both a broken spirit and a strong heart, then good can come of this for our country as well as for me and my family†(INT 1). If this is not faith I’m not sure what it is. This is and was a very motivational speech to in light anyone who falls victim to adultery or any other wrong doing in their life. This speech lets people know that they can overcome obstacles in their lives and move forward and not look back. Others may take from this speech as being inspirational by him saying to the world that this is not going to slow him down because he has a purpose in life and nothing is going to stop him from fulfilling that purpose. You can also label this speech as being persuasive because he had tried to convince the nation that he was truly sorry for his actions. In this speech, I would have to say the Specific Purpose was him admitting to the nation that he did have sexual relation with Monica Lewinsky. I believe the Central Idea was to repent of your sins, get some guidance and to move forward with your life. I cannot imagine how he felt being in the exposed to the world of something that so low. I can understand why it must have been hard for him to speak public about it and to be in the spotlight for something like that. I would have been scared of how my family would react to me in these circumstances that I put myself in. Looking at his life now, I see that he has indeed moved on and is continuing to make an impact on the world. I believe the nation as a has for gave him of his charges and is helping him continue to make a good name for himself. Research Papers on I Have Sinned - (Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky Impeachment) - History EssayNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is Art

OUR CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

OUR CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION - Essay Example ustomer, who opts to purchase a product because it is the best one to be found from the perspective of price or value and because they have had positive experiences with it. The third category is the neutral customer, who has had a mixture of negative and positive experiences with products and comes forward to purchase a product somewhat reluctantly, prepared for a negative experience. The fourth category is the tolerating customer. This customer does not enjoy a product or service but only buys it out of necessity, hence they rarely talk positively about the product. The last category is the critical customer, who has mostly had so many negative experiences with products or services that s/he tries to sabotage the business by spreading negative feedback about products and services. While all churchgoers purportedly are religious, there is a wide range of difference in the manner in which they express their religious beliefs and they may be divided into four primary categories. One category is the evangelistic church goer, who is so involved with religion that s/he insists on trying to convert everyone else. This person attends church with a fanatical devotion and works hard to persuade or push others into religion and church as well. The next category of church goer is the Sunday churchgoer, who turns up at church regularly on Sundays but does not venture anywhere near church the rest of the week. A third group is the big occasion churchgoer, or in other words, those who go to church only during Christmas or easter. Another category is the sporadic churchgoer, who is irregular and attends church sporadically. The last category is the rare church goer who only attends church once in a blue moon. A first date could initially be divided into two main categories, i.e, the rookie and the experienced person on a first date. The rookie is generally a teenager who is experiencing the very first date of his or her life and in rare instances, it may also be an adult

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Law - Essay Example However it was soon realized that the current definition was not adequate and hence required to be redefined to include a broader perspective. Accordingly various additional set of activities were included to broaden the scope of the term. According to section 11 of the Banking Act, certain activities included in the definition applied only to individuals and / or corporations, and any non-corporation which is not defined under this section, is forbidden to carry out â€Å"any banking business†. Similarly under section 8, non-ADI corporations are forbidden from carrying out â€Å"any banking business† (Comlaw, 2011). There is an ambiguity over the term â€Å"any banking business†. The sections 7 and 8 of the banking act prohibit the execution of 'any banking business' although there is no clear consensus regarding the term. There are serious doubts regarding what can possibly be considered as "any banking business". According to the section 5, banking business in cludes acceptance of funds from the public AND making loans to them, but whether a business which is involved in only accepting deposits but not make any loans, is considered as 'banking business' and vice versa, is questionable (Weaver et al, 2003). In Commissioners of the State Savings Bank of Victoria v Permewan, Wright & Co. Ltd, Issacs J, stated that the "essential characteristics of the business of banking may be described as the collection of money by receiving deposits upon loan, repayable when and as expressly or impliedly agreed upon, and the utilization of the money so collected by lending it again, in such sums as are required (Guest, Chalmers, 2005, 11). In United Dominions Trust Ltd v Kirkwood [1966] 2 QB 431 at 445ff, Lord Denning stated that, the times have changed drastically, ever since the definition of banking put forward by Issac, and newer instruments of payment are now added and used as acceptable modes of payment. This includes the use of cheques - crossed as well as uncrossed, and hence the same must also be included within the definition of banking (Gillies, 2004, 780). The Privy Council, in Bank of Chettinad Ltd v Colombo v Income Tax Commissioners, Colombo [1948] A.C. 378, accepted the following definition of banking: "a company which carries on as its principal business, the accepting of deposits of money on current account or otherwise, subject to withdrawal by cheque, draft or order (Brindle, Cox and Coleman, 2004, 426). The definition of 'business of banking' discussed so far, are inadequate on two grounds: firstly, there is significant ambiguity over the term "any business" used in the definitions and secondly, not all modes of payments are appropriately covered under the definitions. Thus on account of these two reasons, defining what comprises of 'the business of banking' becomes a daunting task. 2. The two key duties imposed on customers in accordance with MacMillan and Greenwood rule under the Australian law include (Hockin g, Smith, 1999, 156): (i) The duty to exercise adequate care while drawing cheques so as to prevent misleading the bank or to encourage forgery – (the MacMillan duty) and (ii) The duty to inform the bank if any cheques allegedly signed by the customers are forged (the Greenwood duty) The first duty was laid down in the London Joint Stock Bank Ltd. v Macmillan case while the second was laid down in the Greenwood v Martins Bank Ltd., case (Kelly & Holmes, 1997,

Functionalist Perspective on Social Problems

Functionalist Perspective on Social Problems When in a society people agree that there exists a condition that threatens the quality of their lives and their most cherished values, and they also agree that something should be done to remedy it, sociologists say that society has defined that state of affairs as a social problem. Sociologists ask questions about how the problem effects the collectivity rather than the individual aspects of a problem. The main sociological approaches to the study of social problems are the functionalist and conflict perspectives. Functionalism aims at analysing the social and cultural phenomenon in terms of the functions they perform. From this perspective, the main reason for the existence of social problems is that societies are always changing and the failure to adapt successfully to change leads to social problems. Functionalist analysis was prominent in the work of Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer, two of the founding fathers of this discipline and was further developed and refined by Emile Durkheim and more recently by Talcott Parsons. Durkheim is the most important sociological forerunner of modern day functionalism. His description of organic solidarity focussed on the interdependence of roles and lack of self-sufficiency that held people together. According to the functionalist perspective, each part of society is interconnected and contributes to society performing as a whole. If all goes well, the diverse parts of society produce order, equilibrium and performance. If all does not go well, then the different parts of society must adapt themselves to re-establish a new balance, equilibrium and performance. For example, during a financial recession and consequent high rates of unemployment and inflation, state spending on social programs is reduced or eliminated, Schools offer fewer educational programmes and families spend less, so a new social order, steadfastness and productivity occurs. The conflict perspective, which originated primarily out of Karl Marxs writings on class conflicts, presents a picture of society in a different light from the functionalist perspective. While the functionalist perspective focuses on the positive aspects of society that contribute to its stability, the conflict perspective focuses on the antagonistic, disharmonized and ever-changing nature of society. Conflict theorists challenge the existing state of affairs, strenghten social change (even when this means social revolution) and believe affluent and authoritarian people force social order on the destitute and the weak. Capitalism, the economic system which dominates the world today, is based on private ownership of the means of production (manufacturing industry, the raw materials and resources needed for industry and even the seeds necessary for food production) and exploitation of the labour of the working-class. The working-class, with no land or substantial inherited wealth, have no means of supporting themselves and are forced to sell their labour to survive. Capitalists buy this labour power, then get their money back and make profits by selling necessities and other products to the working-class and other classes in society. Critics of the conflict perspective point to its exceedingly negative outlook of society. The theory ultimately accredits charitable efforts, benevolence, democracy, civil rights, and other positive aspects of society to capitalistic motives meant to control the masses, and not to fundamental interests in sustaining society and social order. For generations before the establishment of a welfare state, most poor people who did not earn a living somehow managed to cope. Relying on family and, if necessary, on local charities, they pooled together the resources necessary to maintain a dwelling and prevent starvation. The term Poverty has many definitions and it is often defined as a state of deprivation relative to those standards of living enjoyed by others within the same society e.g. income or consumption poverty, social preclusion, lack of basic needs and relative hardship. The extensive sociological literature on poverty overlaps with that on race, ethnicity, subcultures, the underclass and stratification. The study of poverty is central to any examinations of social inequality, including an analysis of who is destitute and the reasons for their poverty. Although the poor have often been blamed for their poverty, which is seen as the consequence of some form of personal inadequacy such as idleness, most studies attribute the existence of poverty in terms of the social and economic structures of industrialised societies. The Functionalist belief on poverty is based on the assumption that poverty serves a constructive use for society since functionalism is interested in large scale fundamental justifications of social life. Therefore, poverty is studied on a macro level on the basis of the benefits it provides to society as a whole, rather than for the persons who are in poverty. The most influential writer on this aspect is Herbert J. Gans (1971) who suggests that poverty benefits the rich and powerful, who have a statutory interest in preserving poverty. According to Gans, poverty ensures there is always someone in society who needs to perform physically dangerous, temporary, undignified and underpaid work for low wages, which is ultimately better than destitution. Furthermore, without the underpaid in society, many enterprises would be unable to operate as they rely upon under paid workers to ensure their dividend and success. The very existence of poverty provides the rest of society with benchmark against which society can measure itself. In Britain, Peter Townsend played a leading role between 1950, and 1970s in making the public aware of the continuing existence of poverty. According to Townsend individuals, families and groups can be said to be in poverty when they lack the means to obtain the types of food, participate in the activities and have basic living conditions and facilities which are recognized, or at least widely sanctioned or approved, in the societies to which they belong. Their resources are so seriously below those required by the average person or family that they are, in effect, excluded from everyday living ways, customs and activities. In Poverty in the United Kingdom Townsend claims that the existence of class division is the major factor causing poverty; but he also acknowledges that poverty is related to lifestyles. From a conflict perspective, poverty is imposed, reflecting unequal power among social groups, and it will continue to be imposed until those harmed by it manage to force a change. Conflict theory argues that the explanations offered by functionalism theory is part of what sustains poverty, as they conceal its true origins and encourage the poor to accept social arrangements rather than organize to combat them. Marxism attributes poverty to the existence of class divisions in society. Poverty helps to maintain the domination of the bourgeoisie. In the 19th century the recognized explanation of poverty came from Malthuss Essay on Population (1798). Malthus affirmed that population grows faster than production. Increasing poverty is therefore unavoidable; any increase in the standard of living of the poorest classes simply leads to an increase in births or decrease in death rates and the population again presses on food supply. Marx held the Malthusian theory in great disdain. Under capitalism, production grows very rapidly because of continual innovation and the surplus population a group of unemployed living in poverty is not the result of natural population increase, but of the dislocation of workers by labour-saving machinery. The surplus population could all work if the length of the working day were reduced. But employers dont want this, for various reasons. Marxists believe that the capitalist society is constucted by the economy, and this structure needs to be completely reconfigured to be able to eliminate poverty. This would include a revolutionary eradication of capitalism because eventually the situation will progress to a small minority of the bourgeoisie (ruling class) and a pool of cheap labour. Marxists illustrated this by suggesting that institutions in the superstructure, such as the media, abuse of the proletariat, keeping them poor. A fragileness to the Marxists point of view is that it fails to explain why some groups are more inclined to poverty than others, e.g. women and the disabled. According to Marxists, the welfare system is an instrument of the state, which helps to maintain absolute lack of balance of prosperity that see some people living in privation with little possibility of ever really escaping from it. Absolute poverty, also known as subsistence poverty, is the idea that it is possible to create an absolute minimum standard of living required for physical health, this is often called the poverty line. This concept is used in Drewnowski and Scotts level of living index where nutrition is defined in terms of calories and protein, shelter in terms of quality of dwelling and degrees of overcrowding, and health in terms of infant mortality and the quality of available medical facilities. Some sociologists attempt to include measures of education, security, leisure and recreation as basic cultural needs to be added to the notion of subsistence. The theory of relative poverty has mainly replaced that of absolute poverty in sociological research. Relative poverty is measured in terms of judgements by members of a particular society of what is considered as a reasonable and acceptable standard of living. This definition of poverty suggests that the poor in any given society are, in part, defined by their opposite, the rich. A society has a distinctive set of cultural values, and any definition of poverty must include the choices and interests that individuals have in their society. Researchers have linked poverty to several key issues of child welfare. Children from families in poverty experience more emotional and behaviour problems than children from middle and upper class families. Although all children go to school, the background of some puts them academically behind their peers from the beginning. Impoverished students are far more likely to enter school a disadvantaged because they have not had experiences that promote literacy and reading readiness. More than one billion people in the world live on less than one dollar a day. In total, 2.7 billion struggle to survive on less than two dollars per day. Poverty in the developing world, however, goes far beyond income poverty. This entails having to walk more than one mile everyday to collect water and firewood; it means suffering diseases that were annihilated from rich countries decades ago. Every year eleven million children (mostly under the age of five) die from malnutrition and more than six million from completely preventable causes like malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia. A total of 114 million children do not get access to a basic education and 584 million women are illiterate. Social protection systems in Europe are among the most highly developed in the world but still, 16% of Europes population amounting to 79 million people live below the poverty line (set at 60% of their countrys median income) with one European in ten living in a household where nobody has an employment. Children, are more exposed to poverty with 19% amounting to 19 million children living under the threat of poverty. For this reason the European Union has proclaimed 2010 as the European Year For Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion with four main objectives: The fundamental right of persons experiencing poverty and social exclusion to live in dignity and to take an active part in society; Foster commitment by all public and private actors to combat poverty and social exclusion; Encourage cohesion; Promote commitment and practical action of the EU and its Member States to combat poverty and social exclusion, and involve all levels of authority in the pursuit of that aim. Malta does not live in a vacuum and new forms of poverty brought about by social progress as a result of new lifestyles have been very actual. A large number of families are living through difficult times, with children being the innocent victims of their parents and guardians, the authorities or the community at large. Problems created by gambling, usury, alcohol, drug abuse and mental health. The report by the National Family Commission states that relative poverty exits not just financially but also in cases of stigmatised illness, domestic violence and cases where a husband chooses not to work so that he can default on paying maintenance to wife and dependants. More and more international efforts have been organized in recent decades to address the problems of the poorest among us. However, while the world has certainly seen an overall improvement in rates of poverty and poverty-related issues, success has been uneven and hampered by serious setbacks. One devastating disease, such as AIDS, can obliterate the economy of a low-income country and one violent conflict can crush any human development advances that might have been achieved. Can we envisage a society without absolute poverty and relative poverty? In a society without absolute poverty everyone that could work would be employed, there would be little crime, just a great place to live. In a society without relative poverty people would all have the same wealth and there would be no competition to be better then anyone else. This type of society is only possible in the imagination. Poverty survives because it is useful to our society. Societys dirty work could still be carried out without poverty by paying the dirty workers decent wages. If the poor were more affluent they would make less willing clients for upper-class philanthropy. Poverty will only be eliminated when the poor can obtain enough power to make a change in todays society.

Lord Of The Flies: Chapter 8 Notes :: essays research papers

1. The conch being inexpertly blown and the fact that Piggy has only one lens shows that society has begun to function poorly. The reason for this decline in society is Jack. Jack broke Piggy's lens, and now Jack who has power, represented by the conch, does not know how to blow it properly. This tells us that Jack is an inept leader who misuses power and destroys knowledge. To become an expert at something, such as blowing a conch or leading a society takes time, so this is also significant because it shows that Jack has just recently come to power. Because the conch and Piggy's glasses are crippled, knowledge and power are crippled, but not yet fully eliminated.2. When Simon says, " I think we ought to climb the mountain.", he means that society should conquer its fears and reclaim the island. When the boys first founded society, one of the first things that they did was to climb the mountain and attain knowledge of the island. It is important to note that knowledge was a priority for this early society. Climbing the mountain was also a task undertaken with great enthusiasm and the offering of hope for what their society could be. This was the peak of their civilization. Ever since then their society has been "declining" or going "downhill", so the mountain represents the "peak" or "height" of their civilization. As the boys' civilization fell apart, it became primitive and controlled increasingly by evil elements (Jack). Because of this the boys began to fear a beast. The beast was a symbol of this demise and an obstacle to the return of glory. I say that the beast is an obstacle because they now fear climbing the mountain, a mountain that symbolizes the peak of society. When Simon says that they should climb the mountain, he is also saying that the boys should abandon their primitive fears and return to previous glory.3. The new fire is symbolic because it is Piggy's attempt to rebuild society. Piggy believes that without Jack (evil), he himself (knowledge and civility) can prosper. The first step that Piggy decides to take is the construction of a new fire. The fire represents the domination and manipulation of nature and therefore the return to civility. It is important to note that the fire is in a new location. The new fire represents a new society engineered by Piggy and founded upon knowledge. Lord Of The Flies: Chapter 8 Notes :: essays research papers 1. The conch being inexpertly blown and the fact that Piggy has only one lens shows that society has begun to function poorly. The reason for this decline in society is Jack. Jack broke Piggy's lens, and now Jack who has power, represented by the conch, does not know how to blow it properly. This tells us that Jack is an inept leader who misuses power and destroys knowledge. To become an expert at something, such as blowing a conch or leading a society takes time, so this is also significant because it shows that Jack has just recently come to power. Because the conch and Piggy's glasses are crippled, knowledge and power are crippled, but not yet fully eliminated.2. When Simon says, " I think we ought to climb the mountain.", he means that society should conquer its fears and reclaim the island. When the boys first founded society, one of the first things that they did was to climb the mountain and attain knowledge of the island. It is important to note that knowledge was a priority for this early society. Climbing the mountain was also a task undertaken with great enthusiasm and the offering of hope for what their society could be. This was the peak of their civilization. Ever since then their society has been "declining" or going "downhill", so the mountain represents the "peak" or "height" of their civilization. As the boys' civilization fell apart, it became primitive and controlled increasingly by evil elements (Jack). Because of this the boys began to fear a beast. The beast was a symbol of this demise and an obstacle to the return of glory. I say that the beast is an obstacle because they now fear climbing the mountain, a mountain that symbolizes the peak of society. When Simon says that they should climb the mountain, he is also saying that the boys should abandon their primitive fears and return to previous glory.3. The new fire is symbolic because it is Piggy's attempt to rebuild society. Piggy believes that without Jack (evil), he himself (knowledge and civility) can prosper. The first step that Piggy decides to take is the construction of a new fire. The fire represents the domination and manipulation of nature and therefore the return to civility. It is important to note that the fire is in a new location. The new fire represents a new society engineered by Piggy and founded upon knowledge.

Anatomy and Physiology (M1 and D1) Essay

How Energy is used in the Body (M1) We get chemical energy from food we eat and oxygen that we breathe –we need this to get energy into a usable form to be used by the cells Glucose + Oxygen —————-> Carbon Dioxide + Water (C6H12O6) (O2) Metabolism (CO2) (H2O) (1C6H12O6) (6O2) In Cells (6CO2) (6H20) Metabolism is the process of getting chemical energy from larger molecules in food and breaking them down into smaller molecules by the use of enzymes (which are biological catalysts that are used to speed up a chemical reactions), the circulatory system then transports the nutrients to the cells. They’re two types of metabolism which are Catabolism (Aerobic Metabolism) and Anabolism (Anaerobic Metabolism). Catabolism (Aerobic Metabolism) occurs when there is plentiful supply of glucose and oxygen for the cells to use for cellular respiration (Aerobic Respiration happens eventually with the mitochondria in the cells producing A.T.P-Adenosine Triphosphate). Anabolism (Anaerobic Metabolism) will occurs after vigorous exercise when demand for glucose and oxygen cannot be met by the body, cells then breakdown proteins to produce energy. This occurs after the body has used up stored glucose called glycogen from the liver. The bi product of this reaction creates lactic acid this bui lds up in muscles and so forth gives you cramp How the Respiratory and Circulatory System Work Together to Control Metabolism (D1) The heart in the circulatory system pumps blood into the lungs where the blood is oxygenated. The blood is then returned to the heart and the newly oxygenated blood is circulated to the rest of the body. The respiratory system performs a process known as gas exchange that releases carbon dioxide from the body and brings in oxygen. This occurs in the respiratory and the circulatory system then transports the oxygen to tissues that used internal respiration to burn fuel in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for  energy, thus creating more carbon dioxide. The circulatory bring the oxygen the lungs take in around the body and bring the carbon dioxide back for the lungs to expel. The lungs bring oxygen into the blood which feeds the heart and the rest of the body. Homeostasis which is the maintenance of internal body condition. The circulatory system maintains homeostasis by transporting nutrients to every cell of the body, carrying away waste products and the pH of blood (blood pH should be 7.2 [Slightly Alkaline] to much CO2 blood becomes 6.8 [Slightly Acidic]). The respiratory system maintains homeostasis as it is responsible for bringing in oxygen ( which is then incorporated into the circulatory system and brought to cells in need) and bringing out carbon dioxide (cell waste) (which is brought from the circulatory system to the respiratory system to leave the body)

French Conjunction Tant Que Doesnt Need Subjunctive

Tant que is a conjunctive phrase (locution conjonctive) that, unlike many other conjunctive phrases, does not need the subjunctive. It means as / so much as or as long as / while / since, depending on the context. Tant que is a phrase that communicates certainty and intensifies quantity, frequency, degree and the like. Thus, there is really no reason for the subjective subjunctive. Tant que tu es ici, tu peux maider. As long as / Since youre here, you can help me.Jai tant lu que jai mal aux yeux. I read so much that my eyes hurt.Il a tant manger, quil est malade. He ate so much that hes sick.Tant que tu es la, cherche mes lunettes. As long as / since youre here, look for my glasses.Tu peux rester tant que tu veux. You can stay as long as you want. Tant Que vs. Autant Que Do not confuse tant que  with autant que,  another conjunctive phrase that seems similar but is really more about equalizing and comparisons. It, too, is an adaptable and widely used phrase in French that has a number of possible meanings in English: as far as, as / so much as or as long as / while. So while tant que is about intensity, autant que is about balance. Autant que communicates conjecture and doubt, so the verb following it should be in the subjunctive, indicated in bold below: Autant que je me souvienne... As far as I remember...Autant que je vous le dise tout de suite. I may as well tell you right now. Other French Conjunctive Phrases A conjunctive phrase is a group of two or more words that function as a conjunction that links clauses. French conjunctive phrases end in que, and many, but not all, are subordinating conjunctions, rather than coordinating conjunctions, that require a subjunctive verb. One asterisk below indicates those that take the subjunctive. à   condition que*  Ã‚  provided thatafin que*  Ã‚  so thatainsi que  Ã‚  just as, so asalors que  Ã‚  while, whereasautant que* as far as / as much as / whileà   mesure que  Ã‚  as (progressively)à   moins que**  Ã‚  unlessaprà ¨s que  Ã‚  after, when à   supposer que*  Ã‚  assuming thatau cas oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in caseaussità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon asavant que**  Ã‚  beforebien que*  Ã‚  althoughdans lhypothà ¨se oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in the event thatde crainte que**  Ã‚  for fear thatde faà §on que*  Ã‚  in such a way thatde manià ¨re que*  Ã‚  so thatde mà ªme que  Ã‚  just asde peur que**  for fear thatdepuis que  Ã‚  sincede sorte que*  Ã‚  so that, in such a way thatdà ¨s que  Ã‚  as soon asen admettant que*  Ã‚  assuming thaten attendant que*  Ã‚  while, untilencore que*  Ã‚  even thoughjusquà   ce que*  Ã‚  untilparce que  Ã‚  becausependant que  Ã‚  whilepour que*  Ã‚  so thatpourvu que*  Ã‚  provided thatquand bien mà ªme  Ã‚  even though/ifquoi que*  Ã‚  whatever, no matter whatsans que**  Ã‚  withoutsità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon assupposà © que*  Ã‚  supposingtandis que  Ã‚  while, whereastant que  Ã‚  Ã‚  as long asvu que  Ã‚  seeing as/that *These conjunctions must be followed by the  subjunctive.**These conjunctions require the  subjunctive  as well as the  ne explà ©tif, a more formal negation that uses ne without pas. Additional Resources Tant Que vs. Autant QueFrench ConjunctionsThe SubjunctivatorQuiz: Subjunctive or indicative?